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Beyond the short-term emergency, the EU must think about the broader implications of defence integration

More integrated EU defence policy implies greater foreign-policy integration and a larger role for the European Parliament to provide accountability

Updated assessment: Memo to the commissioner responsible for defence

Draghi’s industrial masterplan has decarbonisation at its core

The report represents a solid basis for the development of an EU Clean Industrial Deal

Memo to the commissioner responsible for defence

Tough trade-offs: the big strategic issues for the next EU term

Three overarching economic policy trade-offs will set the context for the new Commission from the beginning of its mandate

Why are concrete economic proposals so important before the EU elections?

EU-China relation and de-risking global decarbonisation

European capital markets union: make it or break it

Capital markets union has not delivered, but it should be given a last chance, with a focus on supervisory integration

Rule of law rules future European Union enlargement

Clearer rule of law standards are needed to prevent strategic use of corruption in both enlargement countries and the current EU.

What will it cost the European Union to pay its economic recovery debt?

Servicing the EU debt until 2058 seems feasible, despite increased borrowing costs, but member countries must make choices about budget funding

Europe’s strategic challenge

The EU should pursue ‘gradual and pragmatic federalism,’ underpinned by essential governance reform.

Net Zero Industry Act

Testimony before the S&D ITRE Working Group at the European Parliament.

How to fix the European Union’s proposed Data Act

The proposed EU Data Act on industrial and non-personal data should be simpler and clearer, or the benefits could be limited.

Decarbonisation of energy

Determining a robust mix of energy carriers for a carbon-neutral EU